Deteksi Ekspansi Padi pada Lanskap Hutan di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma RF dan Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrumen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32528/nms.v1i2.64Keywords:
TNUK, pertanian padi, Geospasial, Random Forest, IndeksAbstract
Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK) merupakan taman nasional tertua yang berada di Pulau Jawa dan diresmikan sebagai salah satu warisan dunia oleh UNESCO untuk melindungi satwa terancam punah yaitu badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Akan tetapi, adanya area pertanian padi milik masyarakat setempat di dalam kawasan TNUK yang merupakan salah satu ancaman yang dapat mengakibatkan terfragmentasinya kawasan hutan TNUK. Hal ini diproyeksikan akan berdampak terhadap upaya perlindungan habitat badak jawa serta satwa terancam punah lainya. Oleh karena itu, teknologi geospasial dilibatkan dalam proses identifikasi area pertanian di dalam kawasan konservasi TNUK. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber citra Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) dan proses analisisnya melalui platform berbasis cloud computing Google Earth Engine (GEE). Area pertanian diidentifikasi menggunakan algoritma machine learning berupa Random Forest (RF) dan algoritma Indeks seperti MNDVI, EVI, SAVI, IBI, ARVI, SLAVI, NDBI, LSWI, MNDWI, dan ANDWI. Klasifikasi menunjukan bahwa terdapat 1.556,82 ha (2,54%) lahan pertanian padi milik masyarakat yang tumpang tindih dengan batas kawasan hutan konservasi TNUK. Nilai akurasi yang didapatkan dari integrasi data geospasial ini berkisar di angka 93,00 (OA) dan 0,87 (KS) sehingga dapat mengestimasi luasan ekspansi area pertanian dengan tepat. Area pertanian padi ini menjadi permasalahan yang sangat serius terutama pihak TNUK dan masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan ini membutuhkan solusi yang mempertimbangkan fungsi dari taman nasional dan kesejahteran masyarakat setempat terutama para petani di dalam kawasan TNUK. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah setempat dan sebagai referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.
Downloads
References
Abdurrachman. and Pratiwi, A. (2017) ‘Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK)’, Journal of Indonesia Tourism and Policy Studies.
Amler, E., Schmidt, M. and Menz, G. (2015) ‘Definitions and Mapping of East African Wetlands: A Review’, Remote Sensing.
Aprilianti, H. Ari, R. A., Ranti, A. and Aslam, M. F. (2021) ‘Identification and Classification of Cloud Computing-Based Vegetation Index Values on Several Lands Used in Bogor Regency, Indonesia’, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Breiman, L. (2001) ‘Random Forest’, Machine Learning.
Cai, Y., Lin, H. and Zhang, M. (2019) ‘Mapping Paddy Rice by The Object-Based Random Forest Method Using Time Series Sentinel-1/Sentinel-2 Data, Science Direct.
Carruthers, J. (1993) ‘National Parks in South Africa’, London: Earthscan.
Chong, L., Huan-jun, L., Qiang, F., Hai-xiang, G., Qiang, YE., Xin-le, Z. and Fan-chang, K. (2020) ‘Mapping the Fallowed Area of Paddy Fields on Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China to Assist Water Security Assessments, Science Direct.
Congalton, R. G., and Green Kass. (2019) ‘Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data’, London: CRC Press.
Curry, N. (2009) ‘National Parks’, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography.
Dong, J. and Xiao Xiangming (2016) ‘Evolution of Regional to Global Paddy Rice Mapping Methods: A Review’, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Drusch, M., Bello, U. D., Carlier, S., Colin, O., Fernandez, V., Gascon, F., Hoersch, B., Isola, C., Laberinti, P., Martimort, P., Meygert, A., Spoto, F., Sy, O., Marchese, F. and Bargellini, P. (2012) ‘Sentinel-2: ESA's Optical High-Resolution Mission for GMES Operational Services’, Remote Sensing of Environment.
Eko, C. (2013) ‘Ekslusi Atas Nama Konservasi (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Sekitar/Dalam Kawasan Taman Naional Ujungkulon Banten)’, Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif.
Flaherty, M., Vandegeest, P. and Miller, P. (1999) ‘Rice Paddy or Shrimp Pond: Tough Decisions in Rural Thailand’, World Development.
Gunaawan, H., Iskandar, S., Sihombing, V. S. and Wienanto. (2017) ‘Conflict between humans and leopards (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) in Western Java, Indonesia’, Biodiversitas.
Huete, A. R. (1988) ‘A Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)’, Remote Sensing of Environment.
Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodrigues, E. P., Gao, X. and Ferreira, L. G. (2002) ‘Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices’, Remote Sensing of Environment.
IUCN, ‘Category II: National Park. InternationaL Union for Conservation of Nature’, Diakses pada https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park
Joshi, V. R., Throp, K. R., Coulter, J. A., Johnson, G. A., Porter, P. M., Strock, J. F. and Garcia, A. G. Y. (2019) ‘Improving Site-Specific Maize Yield Estimation by Integrating Satellite Multispectral Data into a Crop Model’, Agronomy.
Kaufman, Y. J. and Tanre, D. (1992) ‘Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS’, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.
Kontgis, C., Schneider, A. and Ozdogan, M. (2015) ‘Mapping Rice Paddy Extent and Intensification in The Vietnamese Mekong River Delta with Dense Time Stacks of Landat Data, Remote Sensing of Environment.
Kumar, L. and Mutanga, O. (2018) ‘Google Earth Engine Applications Since Inception: Usage, Trends, and Potential, Remote Sensing.
Laborte, A. G., Maunahan, A. A. and Hijmans, R. J. (2011) ‘Opportunities for Expanding Paddy Rice Production in Laos: Spatial Predictive Modeling Using Random Forest’, Journal of Lnad Use Sciense.
Lima, I. P. D., Jorge, R. G. and Lima, J. L. M. P. D. (2021) ‘Remote Sensing Monitoring of Rice Fields: Towards Assessing Water Saving Irrigation Management Practices. Frontiers in Remote Sensing.
Lymburner, L., Beggs, P. J. and Jacobson, C. R. (2000) ‘Estimation of Canopy-Average Surface-Specific Leaf Area Using Landsat TM Data’, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing.
MacKinnon, C. A. (1993) ‘Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace’, UCLA Women’s Law Journal.
Maertens, M., Zeller, M. and Birner, R. (2006) ‘Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Forest Frontier Areas’, Agricultural Economics.
Margono, B. A., Potapov, P. V., Turubanova, S., Stolle, F. and Hansen, M. C. (2014) ‘Primary Forest Cover Loss in Indonesia Over 2000-2012’, Nature Climate Change.
Mutanga, O. and Kumar Latif (2019) ‘Google Earth Engine Applications’, Remote Sensing.
Niel, T. G. V., and Vicar, T. R M (2004) ‘Current and Potential Uses of Optical Remote Sensing in Rice-Based Irrigation System: A Review’, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research.
Park, S., Im, J., Park, S., Yoo, C., Han, H. and Rhee, J. (2018) ‘Classification and Mapping of Paddy Rice by Combining Landsat and SAR Time Series Data’, Remote Sensing.
Peggie, D. (2012) ‘A List of The Butterflies of Ujung Kulon National Park Java, Indonesia’, Journal on Zoologi of The Indo-Australian Archipelago.
Perkasa, A. Y., Siswanto, T., Shintarika, F. and Aji, G. (2017) ‘Studi Identifikasi Stomata pada Kelompok Tanaman C3, C4 dan CAM’, Jurnal Pertanian Presisi.
Rad, A. M., Kreitler, J. and Sadegh, M. (2021) ‘Augmented Normalized Difference Water Index for Improved Surface Water Monitoring’, Environmental Modelling and Software.
Ranti, A., Ari, R. A. and Ameiliani, T. H. (2022) ‘Detection of Urban Forest Change in Jabodetabek Megacity Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 Imagery Through Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform’, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Rees. (1999) ‘The Remote Sensing Data Book’, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Rouse, Jr. J. W., Haas, R. H., Schell, J. A. and Deering, D. W. (1974) ‘Monitoring Vegetation System in The Great Plains With Erts’, Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 Symposium 1973.
Sales, V. C. (2019) ‘Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia’, Coastal World Heritage Sites.
Santoso, A dan Nasir Muhammad (2021) ‘Pemetaan Lahan dan Komoditas Pertanian Berbasis Webgis di Kabupaten Oku Timur’, Jurnal Ilmiah Betrik.
Santoso, H. B., Rachmat, A., Wibowo, A. and Dilemma, R. (2020) ‘Kajian dan Rekomendasi Sistem Pemetaan Lahan Pertanian’, Ultima InfoSys: Jurnal Sistem Informasi.
Singha, M., Dong, J., Zhang, G. and Xiao, X. (2019) ‘High Resolution Paddy Rice Maps in Cloud-Prone Bangladesh and Northeast India Using Sentinel-1 Data, Scientific Data.
Spoto, F., Sy, O., Laberinti, P., Martimort, P., Fernandez, V., Colin, O., Hoersch, B. and Meygert, A. (2012) ‘Overview of Sentinel-2’, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2012
Stehman, S. V. (1999) ‘Basic Probability Sampling Designs for Thematic Map Accuracy Assessment’, International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Torbick, N., Chowdhury, D., Salas, W. and Qi, J. (2017) ‘Monitoring Rice Agriculture across Myanmar Using Time Series Sentinel-1 Assisted by Landsat-8 and PALSAR-2, Remote Sensing.
Tsujino, R., Yumoto, T., Kitamura, s., Djamaluddin I. and Darnaedi, D. (2016) ‘History of Forest Loss and Degradation in Indonesia’, Land Use Policy.
Whitten, A. J. (1987) ‘Indonesia’s Transmigration Program and Its Role in the Loss of Tropical Rain Forests’, Conservation Biology.
Xiao, X., Boles, S., Frokling, S., Salas, W., W., III, B., Li, C., He, L. and Zhao, R. (2002) ‘Observation of Flooding and Rice Transplanting of Paddy Rice Fields at The Site to Landscape Scale in China Using Vegetation Sensor Data’, International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Xiao, X., Boles, S., Liu, Jiyuan., Zhuang, D., Frokling, S., Li, C., Salas, W. and III, B, M. (2005) ‘Mapping Paddy Rice Agriculture in Southern China Using Multi-Temporal MODIS Images, Remote Sensing Environment.
Xu, H. (2006) 'Modification of Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) to Enhance Open Water Features in Remotely Sensed Imagery’, International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Xu, H. (2008) ‘A New Index for Delineating Built-Up Land Features in Satellite Imagery’, International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Yamamoto, Y., Shigetomi, Y., Ishimura, Y. and Hattori, M. (2019) ‘Forest Change and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia’, World Development.
Zha, Y., Gao, J. and Ni, S. (2003) ‘Use of Normalized Difference Built-Up Index in Automatically Mapping Urban Areas from TM Imagery’, International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Zhao, R., Li, Y. and Ma, M. (2021) ‘Mapping Paddy Rice with Satellite Remote Sensing: A Review’, Sustainability.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ratu Aprillya Wandani, Rahmat Asy’Ari, Yudi Setiawan, Anggodo Anggodo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
